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Theorems and formalizations

46 canonical destinations · 23 ProofAtlas formalizations · 23 Mathlib landmarks

Showing all 46 theorem pages
ProofAtlas formalizationNumber theory

Collatz Predecessor Lower Bounds at Exponent 0.90

A standalone Lean 4 development proves that, for every fixed positive target not divisible by 3, the accelerated-Collatz predecessor count is eventually at least x^0.90, in both real- and natural-cutoff forms. A stronger target-dependent positive-constant x^0.901 bound supplies the exponent reserve. Lean checks the exact theorem chain; two disclosed native finite checks are independently replayed over 344,373,768 exact inequalities. This strengthens the retained Proof Atlas 0.88 result but does not prove the Collatz conjecture or provide an explicit eventual cutoff.

CollatzPredecessor090.predecessor_count_lower_bound_090CollatzPredecessor090.predecessor_count_lower_bound_090_natCollatzPredecessor090.predecessor_count_lower_bound_0901Open theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationEuclidean geometry

Butterfly Theorem

In the checked nondegenerate butterfly configuration, the opposite-chord intersections X and Y have the original chord midpoint M as their midpoint.

AtlasKnownTheorems.ButterflyTheorem.nondegenerateButterflyTheoremAtlasKnownTheorems.ButterflyTheorem.NondegenerateButterflyTheoremStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationIncidence geometry

Sylvester–Gallai Theorem

A finite set of more than two points in ℝ² that is not all on one line has a pair whose line contains no third point of the set.

AtlasKnownTheorems.SylvesterGallai.sylvesterGallaiAtlasKnownTheorems.SylvesterGallai.sylvesterGallai_statementAtlasKnownTheorems.SylvesterGallai.SylvesterGallaiStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationLattice geometry

Algebraic Lemma Toward Pick’s Theorem

For any finite cyclic list of lattice vertices inside a coordinate box, its signed shoelace-area sum equals the associated weighted lattice-point sum.

AtlasKnownTheorems.PickLemma.algebraic_pick_lemmaAtlasKnownTheorems.PickLemma.AlgebraicPickLemmaAtlasKnownTheorems.PickLemma.algebraicPickLemma_of_edgeWeight_eqOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationProjective geometry

Brianchon’s Theorem

For six recorded nonzero tangent lines to a nonsingular real projective conic, the three joins of opposite consecutive-line intersections are concurrent.

AtlasKnownTheorems.BrianchonTheorem.brianchonTheoremAtlasKnownTheorems.BrianchonTheorem.BrianchonTheoremStatementAtlasKnownTheorems.BrianchonTheorem.brianchonTheoremStatement_v0_falseOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationTopology

No Retraction from the Disk onto Its Boundary Circle

No continuous map from the closed complex unit disk to its boundary circle can fix every boundary point.

AtlasKnownTheorems.NoRetractionDiskCircle.noRetractionDiskCircleAtlasKnownTheorems.NoRetractionDiskCircle.NoRetractionDiskCircleStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationGeometry

Heron’s Formula — Coordinate Identity

For any three points in ℝ², the square of twice their signed coordinate area equals four times the Heron radicand of their side lengths.

AtlasKnownTheorems.HeronFormula.coordinate_heron_factor_identityAtlasKnownTheorems.HeronFormula.heron_factor_identityAtlasKnownTheorems.HeronFormula.heronFormulaOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationGeometry

Napoleon’s Theorem — Algebraic Core

Given three complex points and ω² − ω + 1 = 0, the centroids of consistently oriented equilateral constructions on their sides form an equilateral triple.

AtlasKnownTheorems.NapoleonTheorem.napoleon_centroid_relationAtlasKnownTheorems.NapoleonTheorem.napoleonTheoremAtlasKnownTheorems.NapoleonTheorem.napoleonTheorem_statementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationGraph theory

Brooks’s Theorem

Every finite connected simple graph that is neither complete nor an odd cycle can be vertex-colored using at most its maximum degree many colors.

AtlasKnownTheorems.BrooksTheorem.brooksTheoremOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationGraph theory · linear algebra

Kirchhoff’s Matrix-Tree Theorem

For any finite simple graph and chosen root, the determinant of the integer reduced Laplacian equals the number of spanning trees.

AtlasKnownTheorems.MatrixTreeTheorem.matrixTreeTheoremAtlasKnownTheorems.MatrixTreeTheorem.MatrixTreeTheoremStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationEnumerative combinatorics

Hook-Length Formula

For every finite Young diagram, multiplying all hook lengths by the number of standard Young tableaux gives the factorial of the number of cells.

AtlasKnownTheorems.HookLengthFormula.hookLengthFormulaAtlasKnownTheorems.HookLengthFormula.HookLengthFormulaStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationEnumerative graph theory

Cayley’s Formula for Labeled Trees

For every n ≥ 1, the number of labeled unrooted trees on the vertex set Fin n is exactly n^(n − 2).

AtlasKnownTheorems.CayleyTreeFormula.cayleyTreeFormulaAtlasKnownTheorems.CayleyTreeFormula.CayleyTreeFormulaStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationOrder theory

Dilworth’s Theorem

Every finite poset in which each antichain has at most k elements admits a cover of all elements by k chains.

AtlasKnownTheorems.DilworthTheorem.dilworthTheoremAtlasKnownTheorems.DilworthTheorem.DilworthTheoremStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationGraph theory

König’s Edge-Coloring Theorem

Every finite bipartite simple graph admits a proper edge coloring using its maximum degree many colors.

AtlasKnownTheorems.KonigEdgeColoringTheorem.KonigEdgeColoringStatementAtlasKnownTheorems.KonigEdgeColoringTheorem.konigEdgeColoringTheoremOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationGraph theory

Friendship Theorem

In a finite graph with at least two vertices, exactly one common neighbor for every distinct pair forces a universal hub; every other vertex has exactly one neighbor other than the hub.

AtlasKnownTheorems.FriendshipTheorem.exists_hub_of_uniqueAtlasKnownTheorems.FriendshipTheorem.friendshipTheoremAtlasKnownTheorems.FriendshipTheorem.FriendshipTheoremStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationPartitions

Euler Pentagonal Recurrence

For every positive integer n, p(n) equals the exact finite alternating sum of earlier partition numbers at generalized pentagonal offsets 1, 2, 5, 7, ….

AtlasKnownTheorems.EulerPentagonal.euler_product_pentagonal_expansionAtlasKnownTheorems.EulerPentagonal.eulerPentagonalRecurrenceAtlasKnownTheorems.EulerPentagonal.EulerPentagonalRecurrenceOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationCombinatorics

Erdős–Szekeres Monotone Subsequence Theorem

Any injective sequence of r · s + 1 values in a linear order contains either a strictly increasing subsequence of length r + 1 or a strictly decreasing one of length s + 1.

AtlasKnownTheorems.ErdosSzekeresMonotone.erdosSzekeresMonotoneOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationNumber theory · dynamical systems

Tao’s Almost-Bounded Collatz Orbits

For every real-valued threshold function f on ℕ that tends to infinity, the positive starting values N whose standard Collatz orbit minimum is strictly below f(N) have logarithmic density one.

Erdos1135.Tao.taoAlmostBounded_checkedErdos1135.Tao.taoAlmostBoundedColMin_checkedOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationNumber theory · dynamical systems

Natural-Density Collatz Descent in Logarithmic Time

For thresholds tending to infinity along odd inputs, odd-relative-density-one many odd starts descend within 145 · log N Syracuse steps; for thresholds tending to infinity on all positive inputs, ordinary-natural-density-one many positive starts descend within 436 · log N raw Collatz steps.

Erdos1135.ND.ndRhinLogTimePaperPackageErdos1135.ND.ndRhinRawCollatzSqrtLogTimeBracketOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationNumber theory · dynamical systems

Power-Saving Bound for Logarithmic-Time Collatz Descent

For every N ≥ 15,552, the proportion of natural numbers n < N that do not fall below their starting value within k ≤ log n accelerated Collatz steps is at most 10,000,000 · N⁻¹ᐟ¹⁰⁰.

Erdos1135.Terras.natCountingRatio_finiteStoppingTime_log_failure_le_powerOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationNumber theory

Wolstenholme’s Theorem

For every prime p > 3, the sum 1 + 1/2 + ⋯ + 1/(p − 1), with reciprocals interpreted modulo p², is 0 modulo p².

AtlasKnownTheorems.WolstenholmeTheorem.wolstenholmeTheoremAtlasKnownTheorems.WolstenholmeTheorem.WolstenholmeTheoremStatementOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationDiophantine approximation

Power-Law Phase Gap for Multiples of log₂ 3

There exists a positive constant c such that every positive integer q satisfies c · q⁻¹³³ᐟ¹⁰ ≤ ‖q log₂ 3‖, the distance to the nearest integer.

Erdos1135.ND.existsPhaseGapRhinOpen theorem page
ProofAtlas formalizationAnalysis

Fourier L¹/L² Compatibility Bridge

The function-level Fourier transform agrees almost everywhere with its L² representative for ℝ → ℂ functions in both L¹ and L².

AtlasKnownTheorems.FourierL1L2Compatibility.fourier_ae_eq_l2_fourier_of_memLp_one_twoAtlasKnownTheorems.FourierL1L2Compatibility.function_fourier_eLpNorm_eq_of_memLp_one_twoAtlasKnownTheorems.FourierL1L2Compatibility.function_fourier_l2_tempered_bridgeOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremAnalysis

Banach Fixed-Point Theorem

A contraction on a complete extended metric space has a fixed point reached by iterating from any chosen point with finite first displacement, together with an explicit geometric error bound.

ContractingWith.exists_fixedPointOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremLogic and set theory

Cantor's Theorem

No function from a type to its power set is surjective.

Function.cantor_surjectiveOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremLinear algebra and analysis

Cauchy–Schwarz Inequality

The norm of an inner product is at most the product of the two vector norms.

norm_inner_le_normOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremLinear algebra

Cayley–Hamilton Theorem

An endomorphism of a finite free module over a commutative ring annihilates its own characteristic polynomial.

LinearMap.aeval_self_charpolyOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremProbability and analysis

Central Limit Theorem

Centered, unit-second-moment independent identically distributed real random variables have normalized sums converging in distribution to the standard Gaussian law.

ProbabilityTheory.tendstoInDistribution_inv_sqrt_mul_sumOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremNumber theory and algebra

Chinese Remainder Theorem

For coprime natural moduli m and n, residues modulo m*n form a ring equivalent to ordered pairs of residues modulo m and modulo n.

ZMod.chineseRemainderOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremNumber theory

Fermat's Little Theorem

If p is prime and n is coprime to p, then n^(p-1) is congruent to 1 modulo p.

Nat.ModEq.pow_card_sub_one_eq_oneOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremAlgebra and complex analysis

Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Every complex polynomial of positive degree has a complex root.

Complex.exists_rootOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremNumber theory

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Any finite list of primes whose product is n is a permutation of Mathlib's canonical prime-factor list for n.

Nat.primeFactorsList_uniqueOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremAnalysis

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Under differentiability and integrability hypotheses, the oriented interval integral of a derivative equals the endpoint difference.

intervalIntegral.integral_deriv_eq_subOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremCombinatorics

Hall's Marriage Theorem

A family of finite sets has distinct representatives exactly when every finite subfamily has a union at least as large as the subfamily.

Finset.all_card_le_biUnion_card_iff_exists_injectiveOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremNumber theory

Infinitely Many Primes

For every natural-number threshold, there is a prime at or above it.

Nat.exists_infinite_primesOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremTopology and analysis

Intermediate Value Theorem

A continuous function on a closed interval attains every value between its endpoint values in the selected increasing endpoint orientation.

intermediate_value_IccOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremNumber theory

Lagrange's Four-Square Theorem

Every natural number is a sum of four squares of natural numbers.

Nat.sum_four_squaresOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremGroup theory

Lagrange's Theorem

The natural-number cardinality of a subgroup divides that of its ambient group.

Subgroup.card_subgroup_dvd_cardOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremCalculus and analysis

Mean Value Theorem

Some interior tangent to a differentiable real curve is parallel to the secant joining the interval endpoints.

exists_deriv_eq_slopeOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremGeometry and linear algebra

Pythagorean Theorem

In a real inner-product space, the squared-norm identity for a vector sum holds exactly when the summands are orthogonal.

norm_add_sq_eq_norm_sq_add_norm_sq_iff_real_inner_eq_zeroOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremNumber theory

Quadratic Reciprocity

For distinct odd primes, the two Legendre symbols are related by the quadratic-reciprocity sign.

legendreSym.quadratic_reciprocityOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremLinear algebra

Rank–Nullity Theorem

For a linear map under Mathlib's rank-nullity hypothesis, the cardinal ranks of the range and kernel add to the rank of the domain.

LinearMap.rank_range_add_rank_kerOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremSet theory

Schröder–Bernstein Theorem

Injections in both directions between two types imply a bijection between them.

Function.Embedding.schroeder_bernsteinOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremAnalysis and topology

Stone–Weierstrass Theorem

A point-separating real subalgebra of continuous functions on a compact space is dense in the entire continuous-function algebra.

ContinuousMap.subalgebra_topologicalClosure_eq_top_of_separatesPointsOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremTopology

Tychonoff's Theorem

An arbitrary product of compact subsets is compact in the product topology.

isCompact_pi_infiniteOpen theorem page
Existing Mathlib theoremComputability and logic

Undecidability of the Halting Problem

For every fixed input, Mathlib's predicate that an encoded program is defined on that input is not computable.

ComputablePred.halting_problemOpen theorem page