Graph theory · crossing numbers · graph coloring

Albertson Conjecture

Collaboration beta

Must every graph have at least as many crossings as the complete graph whose number of vertices equals the graph's chromatic number?

cr(G)cr(Kχ(G))
Known results and sources
A dense graph drawing separates an antique-gold color-pair skeleton from emerald residual edges and visible crossings, introducing the Albertson crossing-number question without depicting a proof.
Albertson's Conjecture compares the crossing number of a graph with the crossing number of the complete graph on its chromatic number of vertices.

Research problem

Exact mathematical statement

cr(G)cr(Kχ(G))for every finite simple graphG.\operatorname{cr}(G) \ge \operatorname{cr}(K_{\chi(G)}) \qquad\text{for every finite simple graph }G.

Problem infographic

Problem at a glance

Scientific explainer for the open Albertson Conjecture. A schematic graph G is compared with the complete graph K_r, with crossing marks distinguishing edge intersections from vertices. The central question asks whether cr(G) is always at least cr(K_r) when r equals the chromatic number of G; short definitions and the known cases through r = 5 appear below.
Albertson's Conjecture asks whether every finite simple graph needs at least as many crossings as the complete graph on its chromatic number of vertices. The cases r ≤ 4 are automatic and r = 5 follows from the Four Color Theorem; the general case remains open.

Current mathematical picture

Where work on Albertson Conjecture stands

Open conjecture

The retained V6 foundation remains the reproducible internal baseline at r<=5441 and n<=36726. V11 adds a source-recorded six-region coalescence theorem and reports a live but unreproduced descent to r<=2780 and n<=18764. The former r=5441 strip remains in history rather than the current frontier. The immediate finite task is a complete independent checker over 14,595 orders at r=2780; the principal mathematical obstruction is a five-region state showing that total edge counts alone are insufficient. The direct intake contains only Markdown, so the named code, coefficient table, range ledger, and checker artifacts remain unobserved source assertions.

Strongest supported footholdSix-region coalescence recorded

V11 records the six-region theorem, repairs the small-r domain case, and reports an independent coefficient-table reconstruction whose files are not present in this direct intake.

Evidence posture · Reported result
Leading routeJoint skeleton and route optimization

Choose the color-pair skeleton jointly with paths to reduce crossing weights, balance local degrees, or preserve a stronger residual.

Route status · Active route
Useful failureUniversal paired-transversal certificate

The universal assertion is refuted by all odd balanced C5 blow-ups; retain only conditional paired kernels and capacitated lifting.

Route status · Refuted route
Main reductionFinite conditional parameter universe

The retained route narrows a hypothetical globally minimal counterexample to 8<=r<=5441 and n<=36726.

Evidence posture · Reported reduction
Completed special caseOdd balanced C5 blow-ups defeat universal paired transversals

For every odd k>=3, the balanced k-fold blow-up of C5 satisfies the retained factor-critical maximal triangle-free boundary conditions but admits no vertex and perfect matching satisfying the paired-router criterion; alternating orientations would have to two-color an odd five-cycle.

Evidence posture · Source-reported route statement · dependencies incomplete
Priority open bridgeReproduce the post-V6 sweep

Regenerate a complete exact certificate for every claimed post-V8 parameter pair and checker-certify all 14,595 orders at r=2780, with explicit witnesses and exact range counts.

Task status · Work already reported in progress
Research-record correctionResearch-record correction

We corrected the cited passages. We updated the highlighted open task or route. The mathematical claims and their status did not change.

Reader-facing record corrected; mathematics unchanged

Work mapped so far

Albertson Conjecture in numbers

5.7kretained lines of mathematical investigation5,668 in the current working snapshot
Argument development
4,579 · 81%
Explored or eliminated routes
259 · 5%
Computational analysis
331 · 6%
Open obligations
164 · 3%
Definitions and setup
335 · 6%
25selected mapped statements13routes investigated13reported milestones8open questions6contribution-ready tasks
How this is measured

This measures retained mathematical investigation, not proximity to a proof. Code, data, logs, repeated text, operational instructions, and generated presentation copy are excluded.

Argument map and routes

How the current approaches connect

Claims, reductions, open questions, active routes, and narrowed alternatives in one mathematical map.

Visible working map

Research route map

27 selected steps

Selected claims, active routes, useful failures, and open questions from the current research map. Arrows appear only for explicitly recorded relationships.

27 selected steps

Scroll horizontally to explore the route

Working route overview for Albertson ConjectureA selected map of recorded claims, active routes, useful failures, open questions, and their explicit relationships. Search, filter, zoom, or pan within this page.Albertson conjecture — Depends on missing premiseAlbertson conjectureClosed paired-threshold cap — Depends on missing premiseClosed paired-threshold capColor-pair skeleton and contraction paths — Depends on missing premiseColor-pair skeleton andcontraction pathsCurrent finite parameter reduction — Depends on missing premiseCurrent finite parameterreductionEdge-disjoint support/residual certificate — Depends on missing premiseEdge-disjointsupport/residual certificateGlobal minimal-counterexample package — Depends on missing premiseGlobalminimal-counterexamplepackageSeparate bounded small-chromatic program — Depends on missing premiseSeparate boundedsmall-chromatic programSix-neighborhood packing rigidity — Depends on missing premiseSix-neighborhood packingrigidityCapacitated paired-kernel lifting — Depends on missing premiseCapacitated paired-kernelliftingDistance-two packing bound — Depends on missing premiseDistance-two packing boundEndpoint-sensitive diameter bounds — Depends on missing premiseEndpoint-sensitive diameterboundsExact bridge exclusion for r=5442 through 5445 — Depends on missing premiseExact bridge exclusion forr=5442 through 5445Joint skeleton and route optimization — activeJoint skeleton and routeoptimizationSmall-chromatic structural closure — activeSmall-chromatic structuralclosureCertificate-first post-V6 reproduction — activeCertificate-first post-V6reproductionFive-region structure beyond total edge counts — activeFive-region structure beyondtotal edge countsUniversal paired-transversal certificate at the n=2r-1 boundary — stoppedUniversal paired-transversalcertificate at the n=2r-1boundaryOne-step persistent-edge certificate at n=2r-1 — stoppedOne-step persistent-edgecertificate at n=2r-1First multiball completion coefficient used in the attempted r<=3043 extension — stoppedFirst multiball completioncoefficient used in theattempted…Independently certify scaffolded insertion — OpenIndependently certifyscaffolded insertionChoose skeleton and routes jointly — OpenChoose skeleton and routesjointlyClose the small chromatic range structurally — OpenClose the small chromaticrange structurallyReproduce the post-V6 sweep — Work reported in progressReproduce the post-V6 sweepAudit the paired-threshold separator construction — OpenAudit the paired-thresholdseparator constructionChecker-certify the r=2780 frontier — OpenChecker-certify the r=2780frontierObtain the V11 verifier package — BlockedObtain the V11 verifierpackageRebuild the five-region evaluator — OpenRebuild the five-regionevaluator
Working claimActive routeOpen, active, or blocked questionUseful failure

Working overview, not proof. The map shows selected recorded relationships; more nodes or edges do not establish correctness or completion.

Active routeJoint skeleton and route optimization

Choose the color-pair skeleton jointly with paths to reduce crossing weights, balance local degrees, or preserve a stronger residual.

Route status · Active route
Active routeSmall-chromatic structural closure

Use the small planarization order bounds for r=8 through 15 in a separate structural or bounded-certificate program.

Route status · Active route
Active routeCertificate-first post-V6 reproduction

Build a fresh generator and independent checker for the source-reported post-V8 descent, including all 14,595 r=2780 orders, without treating aggregate range totals as coverage evidence.

Route status · Active route
Active routeFive-region structure beyond total edge counts

Pursue degree-profile-sensitive sampling, rigid anticomplete mates, chromatic-plus-residual capacity, or completion on a pruned core; every candidate theorem must pass the recorded adversarial state.

Route status · Active route
Active routeBounded small-chromatic closure

Use structural classification or independently checkable SAT, ILP, or exact graph-generation certificates for the small order caps instead of forcing the asymptotic route.

Route status · Active route

Explored alternatives

Other routes

8 recorded
Route held in reserveDistance-two packing rigidity

The r=5441-specific six-neighborhood packing target is historical after the source-reported r=2780 descent. Revisit the structural idea only after a complete post-V8 replay identifies an analogous current bottleneck; it is not an active r=5441 work order.

Route status · Route held in reserve
Route held in reserveDrawing-weighted routing

The weighted-routing proposal was calibrated to the superseded r=5441 first strip. Preserve it as a reusable technique, but do not present it as current work unless the reproduced post-V8 certificates expose a comparable route-length deficit at the r=2780 frontier.

Route status · Route held in reserve
Route held in reserveDescending exact-certificate program

The former one-chromatic-value-at-a-time r=5441 program is historical. Resume descent only through a complete certificate/checker reproduction of the post-V8 range and the r=2780 frontier.

Route status · Route held in reserve
Browse 5 more explored routes
Refuted routeUniversal paired-transversal certificate

The universal assertion is refuted by all odd balanced C5 blow-ups; retain only conditional paired kernels and capacitated lifting.

Route status · Refuted route
Route held in reserveCapacitated paired-kernel finite cases

The correct weighted lifting theorem remains a plausible finite-case tool, but it is archived rather than load-bearing in the V6 large-r route.

Route status · Route held in reserve
Useful but insufficientOne-step persistent-edge certificate

Four-set averaging proves the current one-step tau_4 threshold unattainable at n=2r-1; only materially different deletion or structural variants remain viable.

Route status · Useful but insufficient
Route held in reserveConductance and random-walk routing

The source retains this material in the archive but explicitly rejects it as the primary large-r route after the sharper deterministic certificate.

Route status · Route held in reserve
Useful but insufficientNaive enumeration of the finite universe

The retained finite parameter universe is far too broad for naive enumeration; small-r structural or bounded certificates and top-down strip analysis are the scoped alternatives.

Route status · Useful but insufficient

Route statements and reductions

Statements the next route can inspect and build on

Route statementColor-pair skeleton and contraction paths

Choose one actual edge between every pair of color classes and one artificial path through each class. The selected skeleton P has binomial(r,2) edges and maximum degree at most r-1, the artificial forest T has n-r links and maximum degree at most 2, and contracting the class paths yields K_r as a minor of P+T.

Source-reported route statement · dependencies incomplete
Route statementCurrent finite parameter reduction

Every globally minimal Albertson counterexample in the retained argument would satisfy 8<=r<=5441 and r+1<=n<=36726.

Source-reported route statement · dependencies incomplete
Route statementExact fixed-order optimizer toolkit

Revision 8 records a closed formula for the bond quantity h(r), exact discrete optimizers for the fixed-order bounds, and low-interval verifier routines intended to replace heuristic search windows.

Source-reported route statement · dependencies incomplete
Route statementReported post-V8 cutoff requiring reproduction

The current work reports exact-arithmetic sweeps reducing a hypothetical counterexample to 8<=r<=2780 and n<=18764, but it does not retain the complete generator, per-row certificate shards, and independent finite checker required to reproduce the whole descent.

Source-reported route statement · dependencies incomplete
Route statementFive-region total-edge relaxation is insufficient

A specified normalized five-region state defeats the current total-edge relaxation, so a five-region theorem needs additional structure such as degree profiles, rigid mates, chromatic residual capacity, or a pruned core.

Source-reported route statement · dependencies incomplete
Route statementSeparate bounded small-chromatic program

The recorded planarization bounds eliminate r=6,7 and give small order caps for r=8 through 15, which should be handled by a separate structural or independently checkable finite program.

Source-reported route statement · dependencies incomplete

More ways to contribute

Open questions

Additional prepared tasks for exploring this research frontier.

8 featured tasks
01
Checker-certify the r=2780 frontier

Generate and independently check one exact certificate row for each of the 14,595 admissible orders 4170<=n<=18764 at r=2780.

Suggested move: Build the deterministic generator and checker, preserve every active witness and first failed inequality, and start with the exact six j-intervals recorded by V10.
Ready to work on
02
Audit the paired-threshold separator construction

Independently audit the complete six-region coalescence argument, including the separate r=8..11 planarization cases, the a>=2 scope, graph-theoretic hypotheses, endpoint-minimum argument, and coefficient-table reconstruction.

Suggested move: Retrieve the exact coefficient JSON and independent checker named by V11, verify their digests, then review the graph-theoretic proof separately from the algebra.
Ready to work on
03
Choose skeleton and routes jointly

Optimize the selected color-pair skeleton together with routes to lower crossing weights, distribute skeleton degrees, or preserve stronger residual structure.

Suggested move: Test objectives that reduce c_P on frequently used guides or leave a denser residual while preserving a clique-minor completion route.
Ready to work on
04
Rebuild the five-region evaluator

Reproduce the normalized five-region diagnostic with an exact-rational or certified-interval evaluator that records objectives, candidate optimizers, component values, and the final margin.

Suggested move: Implement a standard-library exact evaluator and first reproduce the recorded adversarial normalized state.
Ready to work on
05
Close the small chromatic range structurally

Treat r=8 through 15 using their small planarization order bounds, with structural arguments or bounded reproducible certificates separate from the large-r routing calculation.

Suggested move: Start from the retained integer upper bounds n<=11,19,26,37,47,62,77,96 for r=8,...,15 and seek graph-structural exclusions before any finite search.
Ready to work on
06
Independently certify scaffolded insertion

Independently check the local disk lemma and route-dependent insertion theorem, including endpoint-arcs, erased guides, track concentration, and self-intersection removal.

Suggested move: Reread the local disk and route-dependent proofs against each item in the adversarial audit before relying on them for publication.
Ready to work on
07
Obtain the V11 verifier package

Obtain and digest-bind the code, JSON, manifest, environment, and outputs named in V11 before treating the algebra or range checks as observed evidence.

Suggested move: Request the source package containing every artifact listed in the V11 ledger and compare each byte digest before execution.
Blocked by the current route
08
Reproduce the post-V6 sweep

Regenerate a complete exact certificate for every claimed post-V8 parameter pair and checker-certify all 14,595 orders at r=2780, with explicit witnesses and exact range counts.

Suggested move: Obtain the referenced package artifacts, then generate sorted per-row JSONL certificates and run an independent checker over the complete claimed ranges.
Work already reported in progress

Sourced mathematical context

The known mathematical landscape

Context collected Aug 2, 2026
Current statusOpen conjecture

The conjecture remains open in general. A December 2025 preprint verifies it for chromatic number r at most 24 and restricts any counterexample for r in {25,26} to (r,|G|) equal to (25,48), (26,50), or (26,51).

[2][1]
External progress

What the literature has established

Selected external milestones in reverse chronological order, with their evidence posture.

  1. PreprintCranston's preprint verifies r <= 24 and leaves only three (r,|G|) parameter pairs for possible counterexamples with r in {25,26}.[2]
  2. Peer reviewedAckerman's improved crossing-lemma bound implied the conjecture for r <= 18.[8]
  3. Peer reviewedBarát and Tóth extended the verified range to r <= 16.[7]
  4. Peer reviewedAlbertson, Cranston, and Fox proved the conjecture for 7 <= r <= 12; together with earlier cases this verifies r <= 12.[6]
8 cited sources4 related results or reductionsReferences

Mathematical neighborhood

Related results and reusable starting points

Current focusAlbertson's conjecture
Equivalent formulationFour Color Theorem

The r=5 case of Albertson's conjecture is equivalent to the Four Color Theorem.

[6]
Dependency or reductionCrossing Lemma lower bounds

Several verified ranges are obtained by combining edge lower bounds for critical graphs with crossing-number lower bounds.

[2]
Related problemcrossing number of complete graphs / Hill's conjecture

Albertson's inequality is benchmarked against cr(K_r); exact values are known only through r=12, while the standard formula is conjectured for all r.

[2]
Related problemcomplete-graph immersions in critical graphs

A 2025 SoCG paper uses immersion structure to exclude asymptotic ranges of minimal counterexamples.

[3]

Later mathematical changes

What changed after the initial research map

Later recorded revisions that changed the mathematics, without inventing a date or an AI attribution.

Six-region theorem and r=2780 frontier replace the r=5441 leadV11 records a six-region coalescence theorem, corrects its small-r domain, and reports an unreproduced descent to r=2780 while preserving the former r=5441 frontier as history.

Changed the research frontierLater mathematical revision

Albertson V11 prepared date ·
Post-V6 cutoff is separated from reproducible evidenceRevision 8 records a lower provisional cutoff and stronger exact tooling while making clear that the sweep must be regenerated and one earlier multiplier is withdrawn.

Changed the research frontierLater mathematical revision

Albertson Conjecture comprehensive revised audit V8 date ·

The initial argument structure appears separately. Uploads, model runs, and presentation changes do not count as mathematical updates.

Research-record corrections

What changed in the research record

These notes describe corrections to cited passages, highlighted tasks, or connections between claims. The mathematical claims and their status did not change.

Research-record correctionWe corrected the cited passages. We updated the highlighted open task or route. The mathematical claims and their status did not change.

Corrected the research recordCorrection note

Correction details
Research-record correctionWe corrected the cited passages. We removed a duplicate or outdated task or route step. We updated the highlighted open task or route. The mathematical claims and their status did not change.

Corrected the research recordCorrection note

Correction details

The initial argument structure appears separately. Uploads, model runs, and presentation changes do not count as mathematical updates.

How the route was assembled

Argument structure

These stages follow the mathematical order of the supplied argument.

10 mapped milestonesretained argument map

Browse all 10 mapped stages

  1. stage 1Global minimal-counterexample framework
  2. stage 2Color-class skeleton established
  3. stage 3Diameter bounds sharpened at the critical endpoints
  4. stage 4Metric color-class path cover added
  5. stage 5Scaffolded insertion strengthened
  6. stage 6Edge-disjoint completion certificate established
  7. stage 7Uniform analytic range excluded
  8. stage 8Exact bridge excludes r=5442 through 5445
  9. stage 9Finite conditional universe established
  10. stage 10First surviving strip reduced to four explicit rows
Global minimal-counterexample frameworkThe retained source reduces a hypothetical failure to a globally minimal counterexample with criticality, degree, connectivity, minor, and order constraints.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 1
Color-class skeleton establishedOne selected edge per color pair and one artificial path per color class produce a controlled scaffold contracting to K_r.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 2
Diameter bounds sharpened at the critical endpointsThe general minimum-degree diameter stratification is refined to 15 and 16 at the first two points of the j=6 interval.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 3
Metric color-class path cover addedDistance-two auxiliary graphs force enough short class-path links to improve total scaffold length throughout every nonempty diameter interval.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 4
Scaffolded insertion strengthenedSeparating through-arcs from endpoint-arcs removes unnecessary local crossing charges and supersedes the V5 path-forest error term.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 5
Edge-disjoint completion certificate establishedThe sharpened skeleton insertion bound and the dense residual crossing bound combine into one exact deterministic inequality.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 6
Uniform analytic range excludedThe source-reported rational endpoint and monotonicity estimates exclude every globally minimal counterexample with r>=5446.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 7
Exact bridge excludes r=5442 through 5445The embedded exact-integer loops report positive margins at every allowable order in four chromatic rows below the analytic cutoff.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 8
Finite conditional universe establishedPlanarization, the chromatic bridge, and the retained order cap narrow a hypothetical globally minimal counterexample to 8<=r<=5441 and n<=36726.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 9
First surviving strip reduced to four explicit rowsAt r=5441 the current certificate leaves four orders, with explicit extra short-link requirements and six-neighborhood rigidity as the primary structural target.

Mapped research milestoneInitial research sequence

Research stage 10

Detailed research inventory

Claims, milestones, and routes in the current map

This view highlights the mathematical statements most useful for following the current route.

22 standing statements3 proposed statements13 mathematical milestones8 open questions7 conditional results2 completed special cases
Statements by mathematical role25 selected mapped statements
  • theorem candidate1 of 251
  • reduction7 of 257
  • lemma11 of 2511
  • negative result3 of 253
  • computational claim2 of 252
  • counterexample1 of 251
Selected mathematical clusters9 mathematical clusters
Conjecture and minimal-counterexample foundationThe exact conjectural inequality and the conditional criticality, degree, connectivity, minor, and order package used by every retained route.3 displayed rows
  • retained route statementAlbertson conjecture
  • retained route statementGlobal minimal-counterexample packageconditional
  • Recorded relationshipThe retained route begins by assuming a counterexample and choosing one globally minimal in (|V|,|E|).reduces to · reported by source
Color skeleton and metric geometryThe one-edge-per-color-pair skeleton, diameter bounds, and distance-two auxiliary path-cover construction.6 displayed rows
  • retained route statementColor-pair skeleton and contraction pathsintermediate
  • retained route statementMinimum-degree diameter stratificationintermediate
  • retained route statementEndpoint-sensitive diameter boundsintermediate
  • retained route statementDistance-two packing boundintermediate
  • retained route statementMetric color-class path coverintermediate
  • DerivationA minimum path cover of each distance-two auxiliary graph uses at most its independence number j paths. Auxiliary-path links have length two and the at most j-1 connectors per color class have length at most the graph diameter, yielding q and L.active reported
Scaffold insertion and residual crossing certificateSharpened local insertion accounting combines with the dense residual to produce the exact deterministic completion inequality.6 displayed rows · 2 routes included
  • retained route statementSharpened deterministic scaffolded insertionintermediate
  • retained route statementEdge-disjoint support/residual certificateintermediate
  • DerivationInsert the class-path forest alongside routes to lower-bound internal skeleton crossings, delete only P to retain a dense residual, apply the crossing lemma there, and add the two edge-pair-disjoint internal crossing counts.active reported
  • Research targetIndependently certify scaffolded insertionopen
  • Route held in reserveDrawing-weighted routingThe weighted-routing proposal was calibrated to the superseded r=5441 first strip. Preserve it as a reusable technique, but do not present it as current work unless the reproduced post-V8 certificates expose a comparable route-length deficit at the r=2780 frontier.
  • Active routeJoint skeleton and route optimizationChoose the color-pair skeleton jointly with paths to reduce crossing weights, balance local degrees, or preserve a stronger residual.
Large-r analytic and exact reductionsThe source-reported uniform argument and finite exact bridge reduce a hypothetical counterexample to r<=5441 and n<=36726.11 displayed rows · 3 routes included
  • retained route statementUniform exclusion for r at least 5446conditional
  • retained route statementExact bridge exclusion for r=5442 through 5445computational
  • retained route statementCurrent finite parameter reductionconditional
  • DerivationNormalize n-r by r, upper-bound the insertion error on each of six diameter intervals, and show the exact rational lower bounds for Phi and its derivative are positive at r=5446; monotonicity extends the contradiction to larger r.active reported
  • DerivationFor each allowable integer pair with 5442<=r<=5445, the retained program substitutes the sharpened diameter and guide-length bounds into the doubled insertion error and verifies the exact integer numerator N(r,n)>0.active reported
  • DerivationThe bridge gives r<=5441, planarization excludes r=6,7 and gives r>=8, and the strict n<27r/4 order bound yields n<=36726 at the largest surviving chromatic value.active reported
  • ComputationExact rational evaluation of lower bounds for Phi' and Phi at the left endpoint of each of the six diameter intervals when r=5446.The source reports every derivative lower bound and every endpoint value strictly positive, supporting the uniform analytic exclusion for r>=5446. · reported unreproduced
  • ComputationEmbedded exact-integer certificate over every allowable order for r=5442, 5443, 5444, and 5445.The source reports N(r,n)>0 for every integer ceil(3r/2)<=n<27r/4 in those four chromatic rows. · reported unreproduced
  • Route held in reserveDescending exact-certificate programThe former one-chromatic-value-at-a-time r=5441 program is historical. Resume descent only through a complete certificate/checker reproduction of the post-V8 range and the r=2780 frontier.
  • Active routeSmall-chromatic structural closureUse the small planarization order bounds for r=8 through 15 in a separate structural or bounded-certificate program.
  • Useful but insufficientNaive enumeration of the finite universeThe retained finite parameter universe is far too broad for naive enumeration; small-r structural or bounded certificates and top-down strip analysis are the scoped alternatives.
First surviving strip and packing rigidityFour orders at r=5441 remain for the current inequality, with explicit path-merger requirements and an almost-partition by six closed neighborhoods.13 displayed rows · 4 routes included
  • supersededFirst surviving strip at r=5441computational
  • retained route statementSix-neighborhood packing rigidityconditional
  • DerivationRerunning the exact bridge certificate at r=5441 leaves four orders. Decreasing L by (D-2) for each additional distance-two link determines the row-specific counts sufficient to make the inequality strict.active reported
  • DerivationSix mutually distance-three vertices have pairwise disjoint closed neighborhoods of at least r+1 vertices each; subtracting 6(r+1) from the four surviving orders leaves only 2 through 5 vertices outside.active reported
  • ComputationEmbedded exact arithmetic at r=5441 identifying nonpositive certificate rows and the additional short-link count required in each.The source reports exactly four failing orders, (32654,32655,32656,32657), with guaranteed short-link counts (8,9,10,11) and additional requirements (5,3,2,1). · reported unreproduced
  • Research targetClose the four surviving orders at r=5441superseded
  • Research targetExploit drawing-weighted routingsuperseded
  • Research targetChoose skeleton and routes jointlyopen
  • Research targetDescend the finite chromatic rangesuperseded
  • Route held in reserveDistance-two packing rigidityThe r=5441-specific six-neighborhood packing target is historical after the source-reported r=2780 descent. Revisit the structural idea only after a complete post-V8 replay identifies an analogous current bottleneck; it is not an active r=5441 work order.
  • Route held in reserveDrawing-weighted routingThe weighted-routing proposal was calibrated to the superseded r=5441 first strip. Preserve it as a reusable technique, but do not present it as current work unless the reproduced post-V8 certificates expose a comparable route-length deficit at the r=2780 frontier.
  • Active routeJoint skeleton and route optimizationChoose the color-pair skeleton jointly with paths to reduce crossing weights, balance local degrees, or preserve a stronger residual.
  • Route held in reserveDescending exact-certificate programThe former one-chromatic-value-at-a-time r=5441 program is historical. Resume descent only through a complete certificate/checker reproduction of the post-V8 range and the r=2780 frontier.
Boundary certificates and exact failuresThe conditional paired-router theorem, its capacitated replacement, and exact counterexamples or averaging barriers that block two universal shortcuts.12 displayed rows · 3 routes included
  • retained route statementPaired-router criterionconditional
  • retained route statementOdd balanced C5 blow-ups defeat universal paired transversalsspecial case
  • retained route statementCapacitated paired-kernel liftingconditional
  • retained route statementFour-set averaging upper boundintermediate
  • retained route statementOne-step deletion threshold lower boundintermediate
  • retained route statementOne-step persistent-edge certificate is too weak at n=2r-1conditional
  • DerivationAverage the edge weight incident to a uniformly random four-set to upper-bound tau_4, then compare it with the lower bound 4/r on the one-step deletion threshold.active reported
  • Useful failureUniversal paired-transversal certificate at the n=2r-1 boundaryreported failure
  • Useful failureOne-step persistent-edge certificate at n=2r-1reported failure
  • Refuted routeUniversal paired-transversal certificateThe universal assertion is refuted by all odd balanced C5 blow-ups; retain only conditional paired kernels and capacitated lifting.
  • Route held in reserveCapacitated paired-kernel finite casesThe correct weighted lifting theorem remains a plausible finite-case tool, but it is archived rather than load-bearing in the V6 large-r route.
  • Useful but insufficientOne-step persistent-edge certificateFour-set averaging proves the current one-step tau_4 threshold unattainable at n=2r-1; only materially different deletion or structural variants remain viable.
Active, paused, and too-weak routesThe source prioritizes packing rigidity, weighted routing, skeleton optimization, descending exact certificates, and small-r closure while pausing archived stochastic routes and rejecting naive enumeration.12 displayed rows · 7 routes included
  • Research targetClose the four surviving orders at r=5441superseded
  • Research targetExploit drawing-weighted routingsuperseded
  • Research targetChoose skeleton and routes jointlyopen
  • Research targetDescend the finite chromatic rangesuperseded
  • Research targetClose the small chromatic range structurallyopen
  • Route held in reserveDistance-two packing rigidityThe r=5441-specific six-neighborhood packing target is historical after the source-reported r=2780 descent. Revisit the structural idea only after a complete post-V8 replay identifies an analogous current bottleneck; it is not an active r=5441 work order.
  • Route held in reserveDrawing-weighted routingThe weighted-routing proposal was calibrated to the superseded r=5441 first strip. Preserve it as a reusable technique, but do not present it as current work unless the reproduced post-V8 certificates expose a comparable route-length deficit at the r=2780 frontier.
  • Active routeJoint skeleton and route optimizationChoose the color-pair skeleton jointly with paths to reduce crossing weights, balance local degrees, or preserve a stronger residual.
  • Route held in reserveDescending exact-certificate programThe former one-chromatic-value-at-a-time r=5441 program is historical. Resume descent only through a complete certificate/checker reproduction of the post-V8 range and the r=2780 frontier.
  • Active routeSmall-chromatic structural closureUse the small planarization order bounds for r=8 through 15 in a separate structural or bounded-certificate program.
  • Route held in reserveConductance and random-walk routingThe source retains this material in the archive but explicitly rejects it as the primary large-r route after the sharper deterministic certificate.
  • Useful but insufficientNaive enumeration of the finite universeThe retained finite parameter universe is far too broad for naive enumeration; small-r structural or bounded certificates and top-down strip analysis are the scoped alternatives.
Revision-8 reproducibility frontierThe reported lower cutoff, exact optimizer tools, withdrawn multiplier, and two immediate reproduction/audit obligations.6 displayed rows · 1 route included
  • supersededReported post-V6 cutoff requiring reproductioncomputational
  • retained route statementExact fixed-order optimizer toolkitintermediate
  • Useful failureFirst multiball completion coefficient used in the attempted r<=3043 extensionreported failure
  • Research targetReproduce the post-V6 sweepin progress reported
  • Research targetAudit the paired-threshold separator constructionopen
  • Active routeCertificate-first post-V6 reproductionBuild a fresh generator and independent checker for the source-reported post-V8 descent, including all 14,595 r=2780 orders, without treating aggregate range totals as coverage evidence.
V11 six-region and r=2780 frontierThe V11 source revision combines the six-region structural advance, a lower unreproduced finite frontier, exact evidence boundaries, and the five-region route portfolio.13 displayed rows · 3 routes included
  • retained route statementSix-region coalescenceintermediate
  • retained route statementClosed paired-threshold capintermediate
  • retained route statementReported post-V8 cutoff requiring reproductioncomputational
  • retained route statementFive-region total-edge relaxation is insufficientintermediate
  • retained route statementSeparate bounded small-chromatic programspecial case
  • Research targetChecker-certify the r=2780 frontieropen
  • Research targetObtain the V11 verifier packageblocked
  • Research targetRebuild the five-region evaluatoropen
  • ComputationSource-reported independent reconstruction of ten endpoint brackets and twelve endpoint-sum margins for the six-region theorem.V11 reports coefficient-for-coefficient agreement and strict positivity, but the direct Markdown intake does not contain the checker or coefficient JSON, so ProofAtlas did not rerun it. · reported unreproduced
  • ComputationSource-reported arithmetic ledger for 1,743,870 parameter pairs in the post-V8 finite ranges.V11 reports matching pair totals and positive weakest margins, while explicitly denying that the range ledger establishes complete row coverage or independently checked witnesses. · reported unreproduced
  • Active routeCertificate-first post-V6 reproductionBuild a fresh generator and independent checker for the source-reported post-V8 descent, including all 14,595 r=2780 orders, without treating aggregate range totals as coverage evidence.
  • Active routeFive-region structure beyond total edge countsPursue degree-profile-sensitive sampling, rigid anticomplete mates, chromatic-plus-residual capacity, or completion on a pruned core; every candidate theorem must pass the recorded adversarial state.
  • Active routeBounded small-chromatic closureUse structural classification or independently checkable SAT, ILP, or exact graph-generation certificates for the small order caps instead of forcing the asymptotic route.
How to interpret these counts

A statement may be a lemma, conditional reduction, special case, documented limitation, or open target. These counts describe the work's structure; they do not estimate distance to a proof.

Research outlook

Conditions that would advance the current route

Priority open bridgeRegenerate a complete exact certificate for every claimed post-V8 parameter pair and checker-certify all 14,595 orders at r=2780, with explicit witnesses and exact range counts.

The current research map records this as an open mathematical step.

Evidence needed nextConcrete conditions for progress

A result can change the outlook by closing the bridge, narrowing its scope, or showing that the route cannot work.

  • Every allowable post-V8 parameter pair is represented exactly once by a machine-readable certificate row.
  • Every witness and exact margin passes an independent checker.
  • All 14,595 orders at r=2780 are either certified or recorded as explicit uncovered rows; no lower cutoff is claimed from isolated rows.

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Prepared starting pointChecker-certify the r=2780 frontier

Albertson Conjecture · ready to start

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Research contextPrepared context for any AI agent

Must every graph have at least as many crossings as the complete graph whose number of vertices equals the graph's chromatic number?

  • Exact question and boundaries
  • Current routes and known obstacles
  • What a useful result should report
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Sources and references8 cited works · next context review by Nov 2, 2026

The mathematical context was checked on Aug 2, 2026. Status can be refreshed sooner after a material result or claim.

  1. 1
    ARCC Workshop: Albertson conjecture and related problemsauthoritative webpage · accessed Aug 2, 2026
  2. 2
    Progress on Albertson's Conjecturepreprint · accessed Aug 2, 2026
  3. 3
  4. 4
    Dedicated English Wikipedia articleencyclopedia · accessed Aug 2, 2026
  5. 5
    Crossings, Colorings, and Cliquesauthoritative webpage · accessed Aug 2, 2026
  6. 6
    Crossings, Colorings, and Cliquesoriginal source · accessed Aug 2, 2026
  7. 7
    Towards the Albertson Conjectureauthoritative webpage · accessed Aug 2, 2026
  8. 8
    On topological graphs with at most four crossings per edgeauthoritative webpage · accessed Aug 2, 2026

Important qualifications

  • The r <= 24 frontier is sourced to a December 2025 preprint and is therefore labeled as preprint progress rather than silently presented as a peer-reviewed theorem.
  • No authoritative theorem-level formalization or maintained computational benchmark was identified in the scoped search; empty resource lists are not assertions of nonexistence.
  • Empty formalization or computation lists mean that none was verified in this scoped search, not that none exists.

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